Background: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) is still a global health threat with close to half a million new cases annually (1). Infection with MDR- or extensively drug resistant (XDR-) TB requires usage of second-line treatment, which is longer, requires costly, more toxic drugs and has a success rate of merely 56% (1). Linezolid is one […]
2021
Population pharmacokinetics of cefazolin in maternal and umbilical cord sera and target attainment in term neonates
Background: Intrapartum administration of cefazolin, a first-generation cephalosporin, is used to prevent vertical transmission of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) in mothers allergic to penicillin without a history of anaphylaxis. Early onset sepsis in the new-born following transmission of GBS during labor or birth may be prevented when exposure to unbound cefazolin in the neonate serum […]
Improved predictive performance using a model averaging algorithm in model-informed precision dosing of vancomycin
Background: Currently, the recommendation for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of vancomycin is shifting towards AUC-guided dosing through model-based precision dosing (MIPD). However, selecting the correct model is crucial to give appropriate dose recommendations (Broeker et al. CMI, 2019). The aim of the present study was to derive and evaluate a model averaging algorithm (MAA), which […]
Evaluation of the intact nephron hypothesis using optimal design methodology
Introduction: Renal dose adjustment generally assumes a linear relationship between renal drug clearance (CLR) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The theory underpinning this practice is the intact nephron hypothesis (INH) [1]. Studies designed to test INH do not generally consider optimisation of design factors like sampling time, values of GFR, sample size, etc. [2]. The […]
The influence of biologically effective dose (BED) on the 131I therapy response in patients with benign thyroid disease – nonlinear mixed effect modelling approach
Aim. The purpose of the study was to explore the influence of biologically effective dose (BED [Gy]), the administered radioactivity dose (Aa [MBq]), the total absorbed dose (ABD [Gy]), the maximum of absorbed dose-rate (MXR [Gy/h]) to radioactive iodine (131I) on the response in patients with benign thyroid disease. Materials and methods. Data from adult […]