Archive | Abstracts

Background: Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic systems are often expressed with nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). While there are numerous methods to solve such ODEs these methods generally rely on time-stepping solutions (e.g. Runge–Kutta) which need to be matched to the characteristics of the problem at hand.  Aims: To explore l  the performance of an inductive approximation which iteratively converts […]

Background: NextDose is a web based Bayesian dosing tool (1, 2). Dosing guidance is currently offered for intravenous busulfan, intravenous methotrexate and oral tacrolimus. It has been used at Auckland Starship Hospital and Auckland City Hospital to guide dosing of busulfan since 2012 (3). Objectives: 1. To describe the features of a new release of […]

Background: “Systems pharmacology is the application of systems biology principles to the field of pharmacology.”(1). The pharmacokinetics of gentamicin (G), amikacin (A) and vancomycin (V) have been widely described including models with common features for each drug (2, 3) and a proposal to predict glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from drug clearance (CL). A reverse systems […]

Background: Viral kinetic (VK) models are progressively being used to support the dose justification of drugs used to treat influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus infection 1-2. However, study design considerations and data limitations often present challenges when developing models that describe the VK following placebo and drug treatment. We explore the performance of estimation methods […]

Background: Model identifiability is an important attribute that a model must satisfy in order to derive the meaningful interpretation of estimated parameters.  In general, there are two types of identifiability: structural and deterministic.  Structural identifiability is rooted in the underlying mathematical structure of model.  Deterministic identifiability is concerned with the study design and its execution. […]

Background Sporanox and SUBA-itraconazole are oral capsule formulations of itraconazole with characteristically different pH-dissolution profiles. Oral administration of itraconazole is associated with marked inter-subject and intra‑subject pharmacokinetic variability due, in part, to variability in the drug’s absorption from the GI tract [1]. Objectives The objectives of this work were to : (1) Establish an in vitro-in […]

Aims Voriconazole is a broad spectrum triazole antifungal used as first line therapy for invasive infections. Pharmacokinetic (PK) studies have indicated large between subject variability between dose and exposure, which has prompted the use of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to optimise dosing [1].  Voriconazole also exhibits large within subject variability, potentially limiting the utility of […]

Aims: The aim of this work was to develop an interactive tool that allows users to (1) explore paediatric dose levels that provide a similar exposure as predicted for an adult reference population, and (2) calculate the sample size required for a pharmacokinetic (PK) study in paediatrics based on FDA guidance [1,2]. Methods: A virtual […]

Background: Identification of appropriate covariate(s) in population PK-PD modelling is a key requirement to account for between subject variability (BSV). Total body weight (WT) is often considered an important covariate for clearance (CL). Models that link CL to WT vary in the literature and typically include linear (exponent = 1) and nonlinear scaling (exponent = […]

Objective: To develop and apply a population PK model of gentamicin in paediatric oncology patients in i) a utility function approach that balances the probability of efficacy against potential kidney damage related to gentamicin accumulation in the renal cortex and ii) a semi-mechanistic modelling approach to simulate bacterial killing over time under different doses; with […]