Author: Anonymous

Aim: The aim of this study was to develop a population PK model for propofol in adults that could be used to determine optimal sampling times for a prospective pharmacokinetic study. Methods: Data from 15 pharmacokinetic studies of propofol in adults were obtained from the OpenTCI Initiative [1]. A total of 7711 concentrations from 405 […]

Background: Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is used as an immunosuppressant for the treatment and prevention of graft-versus host disease (GVHD) in bone marrow transplantation (Nash et al 2005) and acute graft rejection in solid organ transplantation (Srinivas et al 2003). Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is the active metabolite of MMF. MPA displays variability in treatment response which supports the need for individualised […]

Background: Lamivudine (3TC) and zidovudine (AZT) are potent selective inhibitors of HIV reverse transcriptase and, due to their synergistic effect, are available as a fixed dose combination (FDC) tablet for use in antiretroviral therapy (ART). The absorption and exposure of AZT and 3TC from single component and fixed-dose combination formulations are considered to be comparable. […]

Background: Deconvolution methods using stochastic differential equations have been investigated in publications [1,2,3]. Using this method the most likely outcome of an unobservable internal process can be quantified. The (extended) Kalman Filter is used for the quantification of the internal process which is based on the observations and the model specification. Examples are often simple linear […]

Background: In Australasia methanol overdoses are treated with high doses of ethanol. Appropriate dosing recommendations are lacking and in some cases dosing of ethanol is inadequate. There are no models for ethanol pharmacokinetics in the presence of methanol available in the literature. Aim: The overall aim is to develop dosing guidelines for ethanol treatment of […]

Background: A procoagulant toxin (group C) is found in taipan (Oxyuranus genus) venom, which activates the coagulation cascade and causes venom induced consumptive coagulopathy (VICC). Objectives: To explore the turnover of the clotting factors in the coagulation cascade using a mathematical model and the effects of the procoagulant toxin on this system Evaluate the performance of the […]

Background: Parenteral phenobarbitone, used in refractory status epilepticus, was unavailable in South Africafrom 2005 to 2006. Some centres supplemented status epilepticus management with a bolus of nasogastric phenobarbitone for children approaching refractory status. We assessed the efficacy, safety and phenobarbitone pharmacokinetics of this practice. Methods: Patients admitted in status epilepticus were enrolled unless impaired gastric absorption or […]

Many situations exist where multiple responses are measured during an experiment, e.g. parent and drug metabolite concentration and drug toxicity and efficacy. Typically the responses will be mixed (continuous and discrete) and display varying dependence structures. When standard multivariate distributions do not exist or are not applicable, a more flexible approach to the construction of […]

Background: Acyclovir exhibits a selective inhibition of herpes virus replication with potent clinical antiviral activity against the herpes simplex and varicella-zoster virus (King & Madera, 1988).Valacyclovir, a pro-drug of acyclovir, increases the oral bioavailability of acyclovir (Soul-Lawton et al. 1995). Acyclovir is primarily renally eliminated. Acyclovir displays variability in treatment response which supports the need for individualised dose […]

Combination therapies are becoming increasingly common and are standard practice in anesthesia and oncology.  This talk focuses on studies most relevant to anesthesia where it is of interest to describe the pharmacodynamic effect of two drugs given simultaneously.  This effect is generally described via a response surface where parameters exist nonlinearly in the model and […]