2025

Background Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, are considered critical priority pathogens by the World Health Organization. These pathogens produce an extensive range of β-lactamases, including New Delhi metallo-β-lactamases (NDM) which render most β-lactams inactive. The newly approved β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination aztreonam/avibactam shows promise in treating these pathogens; however, penicillin-binding protein (PBP) […]

Introductions: Tuberculosis is the most common comorbidity among people living with HIV (PLWH) and remains a leading cause of HIV-related mortality worldwide. Early preventive treatment for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is essential to prevent disease progression and reduce transmission. Recently, the one-month daily combination of rifapentine and isoniazid (1HP) regimen has demonstrated high efficacy and […]

Introduction: Paediatric population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model development is complex due to physiological changes occurring throughout growth and maturation. pyDarwin, an open-source Python package, integrates machine learning with NONMEM for model selection, but its capability in handling complex paediatrics PopPK model selection remains unvalidated. A double-blinded external comparison of the pyDarwin-selected and manually-developed models is necessary […]

This submission belongs to the symposium “Pharmacometric approaches in malaria research”. Introduction: Malaria is an infectious disease afflicting people primarily in developing countries. The World Health Organisation estimated 246 million clinical cases and 569,000 deaths in 2023 [1]. Children under the age of 5 years bear the main burden of malaria. The treatment of malaria […]

Introduction Upper urinary tract infections (UTI) are associated with critical illness and significant mortality. Meropenem is efficacious in treating UTI and has a systemic and urinary minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) breakpoint of 1 mg/L for Enterobacterales and 2 mg/L for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. As the fraction of meropenem excreted in the urine decreases with declining renal function, we applied […]

Introduction: Piperacillin-tazobactam (PIP-TAZ) is a β-lactam and β-lactamase inhibitor combination, commonly used in children. As it is indicated for a variety of serious bacterial infections, achieving therapeutic PIP-TAZ concentrations at invasive infection sites, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), peritoneal fluid, and pleural fluid is critical. Also, previous studies have highlighted the high inter-individual variability in […]

Reference Range of Rivaroxaban-calibrated Anti-Xa Activity in Chinese Children with Giant Coronary Artery Aneurysm after Kawasaki Disease: Insights from a Population PKPD Analysis Bijue Liu(1), Guang-an Dai(2), Nuo Xu(1), Fang Liu(2), Xiao Zhu(1).   Affiliations: 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. 2 Pediatric Heart Center, Children’s […]

Background: Perioperative IV lidocaine infusions show promise for pain reduction and enhanced postoperative recovery. However, a lack of definitive data regarding optimal dosing, safety, and efficacy has led to controversy and limited its adoption. Additionally, uncertainty surrounds the role of lidocaine’s major metabolites, monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) and glycinexylidide (GX), in its overall effects. This study used […]

Background: Anti-Thymocyte Globulin (ATG) is a polyclonal antibody used as an immunosuppressant to prevent graft-versus-host-disease in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. While recent studies have worked toward understanding the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship via population pharmacokinetic modelling, dosing remains weight-based and largely empirical in clinical practice. Aims: To evaluate current ATG dosing regimens and improve pharmacokinetic target attainment […]

Introduction: The time course of biomarkers (e.g., acute phase proteins and cytokines) is typically described using days relative to events of interest, without specifying the sample clock time or hours post-event. This limits their use as biomarkers may change rapidly during a single day. Procalcitonin is an acute phase protein biomarker which has been suggested […]