Introduction: Since renal dialysis machines were introduced into clinical practice in the 1950s, dialysis has immensely evolved to become the core treatment for patients with end stage renal disease. However, quantifying dialysis performance and its effect on medication clearance is still challenging. The Michaels equations, often used to calculate blood dialysance, were derived for 3 different […]
Abstracts
Pharmacodynamic modelling approaches in the setting of suboptimal drug adherence
Introduction. Suboptimal adherence may bias pharmacokinetic (PK) parameter estimates.1 Rather than conditioning the PD response on the model predicted PK response, an alternative approach is to fit a kinetic-pharmacodynamic (KPD) model in which the PK data are excluded from the analysis. KPD models may be an advantage in such scenarios because the KPD analysis allows […]
A Complete Bayesian Workflow in Pumas
In this work, we present the Bayesian workflow in the Pumas software for pharmacometrics (PMx) that’s: 1) demonstrably correct, 2) computationally efficient, and 3) user-friendly. Correctness-wise, Stan and its ecosystem of R packages arguably form the gold standard for Bayesian analysis of models that have many continuous parameters, which is the class of models commonly […]
Time Course of Procalcitonin Concentration Following Birth and Surgery
Introduction: Procalcitonin plasma concentration (PCT) has been suggested as a biomarker for acute infection (usually bacterial). Concentrations increase rapidly within 4-6 hours of infection [1]. However PCT also increases following events such as birth and surgery without any known infection [2, 3]. It is important to understand the time course of PCT following these events […]
The impact of birth on propofol clearance maturation
Introduction: Propofol is used for the induction and maintenance of anaesthesia in neonates, infants and children. Clearance is the pharmacokinetic parameter that determines maintenance infusion rates and clearance matures over the first years of life. Postmenstrual age (PMA) is typically used to quantify clearance maturation as it accounts for maturation that begins in utero. Maturation […]
Population pharmacokinetics of milrinone in premature neonates to adolescents
Introduction: Milrinone is an inotrope and vasodilator used for prophylaxis or treatment of low cardiac output syndrome after weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). It is renally eliminated and has an acceptable range of 100 – 300 μg/L, but weight-based dosing alone is associated with poor target attainment [1].Aims: To develop a population PK model for […]
Mixed-effect meta-analysis of published NCA data for Cannabidiol
Introduction: Cannabidiol (CBD) is non-psychotomimetic phytocannabinoid obtained from Cannabis Sativa (marijuana). It has received significant interest in the medical field due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-necrotic effects. Moreover, CBD has promising safety and tolerability profile making it a potential treatment for several diseases including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and Epilepsy among others. Nevertheless, the […]
New Insights into the Pharmacokinetics of Gentamicin, Amikacin and Vancomycin – from Neonates to Adults
A joint model of the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin, amikacin and vancomycin with a wide dispersion of age, size and renal function was developed by pooling data from around the world. Data was contributed by Karel Allegaert (Belgium), Amilcar Falcao (Portugal), Nicolas Simon (France), Lin Lo (Malaysia), Alison Thomson (Scotland), Catherine Sherwin (New Zealand and USA), […]
VPs, QSPs, Ensembles and Education
This talk will introduce the concept of using virtual patients, generated by quantitative systems pharmacology models that can be used as ensembles in teaching therapeutic decision-making to pharmacy students. The concept of model validation will be reviewed and aligned with the concept of model use. In an education setting the purpose of generating a virtual […]
Semi-mechanistic modelling of ceftolozane/tazobactam plus tobramycin against planktonic and biofilm bacteria of hypermutable Pseudomonas aeruginosa epidemic strains
Background: Biofilm-associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in cystic fibrosis have limited treatment options. Ceftolozane/tazobactam is a relatively recently available β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination that has been shown to have preserved activity against difficult-to-treat P. aeruginosa isolates. However, the effectiveness of ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T), in monotherapy and combination with tobramycin (TOB), has not yet been characterised for the pharmacokinetics […]