Abstracts

Aims: A widely exploited feature of the mixed effect modelling software NONMEM (Icon, Ireland) is the ability to model the influence of covariates that change with time within a subject.  It is documented that NONMEM represents the covariate value between TIME1 and TIME2 as the value at COV2 rather than the more intuitive value of […]

Background: The conventional approaches to analyse scarce paediatric PK data with rich adult data often result in the estimated central tendency of the paediatric PK parameters being over-influenced by the adult data. Aims: The purpose of this study is to develop a Bayesian modelling approach with balancing informative prior to adequately analyse the limited PK […]

Background: Pain is a frequent complication of advanced cancer. Opioids are used to control severe pain. Unfortunately, they have a number of side-effects with little difference between the dose that will control pain and that which will cause toxicity. A range of factors such as age/sex/dose/delivery system/genetic variations/kidney and liver function influence how opioids are […]

Purpose: We have developed a pharmacokinetic model of intravenous (IV) busulfan that is applicable from neonates to adults that accounts for differences in size, body composition and age. Experimental design: Routinely collected busulfan concentration profiles were obtained at a national center for measuring busulfan concentrations. Dosing and demographic data was matched with 12,380 concentrations in […]

Background: Paracetamol combined with diclofenac is commonly used to control postoperative pain in children. Diclofenac pharmacokinetics, and paracetamol pharmacokinetics (PK) and dynamics (PD) (analgesia) have been described with these drugs used separately (1, 2). A model for the combination of paracetamol with diclofenac would be useful for improving analgesia in children. Methods: A randomised, placebo […]

Background. Vildagliptin acts by inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4), thereby increases active GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1) concentrations and decreases plasma glucose in diabetic patients. Objectives. To develop a mechanism-based population PK/PD model that simultaneously describes and predicts vildagliptin pharmacokinetics and its effects on DPP-4 activity and the underlying glucose-insulin-GLP-1 system. Methods. Data used for model […]

  Almost 40% of the world’s population live in malaria endemic areas, with each year about a quarter of a billion people experiencing clinical malaria and an estimated 655,000 deaths. With no vaccine currently available, artemisinin-based combination therapies are the first-line defence against malaria. These therapies have been highly effective worldwide until recent reports from […]

Objective:  To create a sampling schedule for a population pharmacokinetic study of Intranasal Fentanyl (INF) in paediatric patients presenting to the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital. Methods:   A search of the literature was conducted to determine reasonable assumptions regarding the underlying structural model, pharmacokinetic parameters and appropriate methods for scaling down values of […]

Background: Substantial progress of mechanism-based and empirical modelling for anti-infectives over the past decade has enabled these models to rationally translate the time-course of killing and emergence of resistance from in vitro to animal infection models and ultimately to patients. Objectives: To illustrate applications of translational mechanism-based models for anti-infective mono- and combination therapy and […]

Objectives: Background: Methods: Results: Conclusions: References: