Background: Paracetamol combined with diclofenac is commonly used to control postoperative pain in children. Diclofenac pharmacokinetics, and paracetamol pharmacokinetics (PK) and dynamics (PD) (analgesia) have been described with these drugs used separately (1, 2). A model for the combination of paracetamol with diclofenac would be useful for improving analgesia in children. Methods: A randomised, placebo […]
Tag Archives | 2012
Population Modelling of Vildagliptin as an Inhibitor and Substrate of Dipeptidylpeptidase IV and its Effects on Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, Glucose, and Insulin
January 31, 2012
Authors Cornelia B Landersdorfer (1,2), Yan-Ling He (3), William J Jusko (2)
Affiliations (1) Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, (2) School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY Buffalo, NY, USA;, (3) Translational Science-Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Presentation type Oral
Presenters Cornelia Landersdorfer
Background. Vildagliptin acts by inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4), thereby increases active GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1) concentrations and decreases plasma glucose in diabetic patients. Objectives. To develop a mechanism-based population PK/PD model that simultaneously describes and predicts vildagliptin pharmacokinetics and its effects on DPP-4 activity and the underlying glucose-insulin-GLP-1 system. Methods. Data used for model […]
Treatment of malaria: from drug discovery to optimisation of current therapies.
January 31, 2012
Authors Julie Simpson , Susan Charman, Joel Tarning
Affiliations Centre of Molecular, Environmental, Genetic & Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand
Presentation type Oral
Presenters Julie Simpson
Almost 40% of the world’s population live in malaria endemic areas, with each year about a quarter of a billion people experiencing clinical malaria and an estimated 655,000 deaths. With no vaccine currently available, artemisinin-based combination therapies are the first-line defence against malaria. These therapies have been highly effective worldwide until recent reports from […]
The design of a pharmacokinetic study of Intranasal Fentanyl
January 31, 2012
Authors Aaron Basing (1), Prof Carl Kirkpatrick (2), David Herd (3), A/Prof Bruce Charles (1,4) , Dr Ross Norris (3,4)
Affiliations 1. School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, 2. Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 3. Mater Health Services Brisbane, 4. Australian Centre for Paediatric Pharmacokinetics
Presentation type Oral
Presenters Aaron Basing
Objective: To create a sampling schedule for a population pharmacokinetic study of Intranasal Fentanyl (INF) in paediatric patients presenting to the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A search of the literature was conducted to determine reasonable assumptions regarding the underlying structural model, pharmacokinetic parameters and appropriate methods for scaling down values of […]
Mechanism-based modelling of antibiotics to optimally cure patients and prevent resistance: progress, gaps, and future perspectives
January 31, 2012
Authors J
Affiliations 1 Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia , 2 Monash Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, 3 School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY Buffalo, NY, USA
Presentation type Oral
Presenters Jurgen Bulitta
Background: Substantial progress of mechanism-based and empirical modelling for anti-infectives over the past decade has enabled these models to rationally translate the time-course of killing and emergence of resistance from in vitro to animal infection models and ultimately to patients. Objectives: To illustrate applications of translational mechanism-based models for anti-infective mono- and combination therapy and […]
A model for maturation of milrinone clearance from prematurity to adulthood
January 30, 2012
Authors Anita Sumpter (1,2), Brian Anderson (1,2), Nick Holford (2)
Affiliations (1) Starship Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand, (2) University of Auckland, New Zealand
Presentation type Oral
Presenters Anita Sumpter
Objectives: Background: Methods: Results: Conclusions: References:
Assessment of vancomycin dosing regimens in Intensive Care Unit patients with impaired renal function
January 30, 2012
Authors Sai
Affiliations (1) Department of Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacology, Calvary Mater Newcastle and School of Medical Practice, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia, (2) Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceuticals Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lisbon, Portugal, (3) Luz Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal, (4) School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Presentation type Oral
Presenters Ana Saiao
Despite the large utilization of vancomycin in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections, there is limited information regarding the proper dosing regimen in intensive care unit patients with impaired renal function. The objective of this study was (i) to conduct a population pharmacokinetic analysis of vancomycin in a population of critically ill patients; (ii) to […]
Mechanism-based population modelling of dihydoartemisinin pharmacodynamics in murine malaria
January 30, 2012
Authors Kashyap Patel (1), Kevin T. Batty (2), Brioni R. Moore (2), Peter L. Gibbons (2), J
Affiliations (1) Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, (2) School of Pharmacy, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, WA, Australia
Presentation type Oral
Presenters Kashyap Patel
Background: Murine models are powerful tools for studying erythrocytic stages of malaria infection, because parasite morphology and development are similar to that in human malaria. However, mechanism-based pharmacodynamic (PD) models for antimalarials are generally lacking, and are required to optimise dosing. Objectives: To describe the growth cycle for Plasmodium berghei and the parasitocidal effect of […]
Optimal designs for pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic studies of dihydroartemisinin following oral artesunate
January 30, 2012
Authors Kris M Jamsen (1), Stephen B Duffull (2), Joel Tarning (3,4), Ric N Price (5), Julie A Simpson (1)
Affiliations (1) Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, (2) School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, (3) Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand , (4) Centre for Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK, (5) Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia
Presentation type Oral
Presenters Kris Jamsen
Background: Artemisinin derivatives are the main drugs used for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria. Although these drugs remain the most powerful anti-parasitic agents available, there is now evidence for parasite resistance to artesunate, the most widely used artemisinin derivative [1]. This finding provides motivation for conducting more pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) studies of artesunate to monitor its […]
Development and application of a pharmacokinetic model for the glycation of albumin
January 30, 2012
Authors Oskar Alsk
Affiliations (1) Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Therapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Sweden, (2) School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Presentation type Oral
Presenters Steve Duffull
Background Glycated haemoglobin, HbA1c, is used commonly as a marker for glycaemic control. In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) red blood cells (RBCs) are removed faster from the circulation, giving less time for glycation of haemoglobin to occur [1]. Thus, HbA1c concentrations are falsely lowered in these patients. Glycated albumin (GA) has been suggested […]